#P1054G. New Road Network

    ID: 3060 Type: RemoteJudge 2000ms 256MiB Tried: 0 Accepted: 0 Difficulty: (None) Uploaded By: Tags>constructive algorithmsgreedymath*3300

New Road Network

No submission language available for this problem.

Description

The king of some country NN decided to completely rebuild the road network. There are nn people living in the country, they are enumerated from 11 to nn. It is possible to construct a road between the house of any citizen aa to the house of any other citizen bb. There should not be more than one road between any pair of citizens. The road network must be connected, i.e. it should be possible to reach every citizen starting from anyone using roads. To save funds, it was decided to build exactly n1n-1 road, so the road network should be a tree.

However, it is not that easy as it sounds, that's why the king addressed you for help. There are mm secret communities in the country, each of them unites a non-empty subset of citizens. The king does not want to conflict with any of the communities, so he wants to build the network such that the houses of members of each society form a connected subtree in network. A set of vertices forms a connected subtree if and only if the graph remains connected when we delete all the other vertices and all edges but ones that connect the vertices from the set.

Help the king to determine if it is possible to build the desired road network, and if it is, build it.

Each test consists of one or more test cases.

The first line contains a single integer tt (1t20001 \leq t \leq 2000) — the number of test cases.

The following lines describe the test cases, each in the following format.

The first line contains two integers nn and mm (1n,m20001 \leq n, m \leq 2000) — the number of citizens and the number of secret communities.

The next mm lines contain the description of the communities. The ii-th of these lines contains a string sis_i of length nn, consisting of characters '0' and '1'. The citizen with number jj is a member of the ii-th community if and only if sij=1s_{{i}{j}}=1. It is guaranteed that the string sis_i contains at least one character '1' for each 1im1 \leq i \leq m.

It is guaranteed that the sum of nn for all test cases does not exceed 20002000 and the sum of mm for all test cases does not exceed 20002000.

Print the answer for all test cases in the order they are given in the input, each in the following format.

If there is no way to build the desired road network, print "NO" (without quotes).

Otherwise in the first line print "YES" (without quotes).

In the next n1n-1 lines print the description of the road network: each line should contain two integers aa and bb (1a,bn1 \leq a, b \leq n, aba \neq b) that denote you build a road between houses of citizens aa and bb.

The roads should form a connected tree, and each community should form a connected subtree.

Input

Each test consists of one or more test cases.

The first line contains a single integer tt (1t20001 \leq t \leq 2000) — the number of test cases.

The following lines describe the test cases, each in the following format.

The first line contains two integers nn and mm (1n,m20001 \leq n, m \leq 2000) — the number of citizens and the number of secret communities.

The next mm lines contain the description of the communities. The ii-th of these lines contains a string sis_i of length nn, consisting of characters '0' and '1'. The citizen with number jj is a member of the ii-th community if and only if sij=1s_{{i}{j}}=1. It is guaranteed that the string sis_i contains at least one character '1' for each 1im1 \leq i \leq m.

It is guaranteed that the sum of nn for all test cases does not exceed 20002000 and the sum of mm for all test cases does not exceed 20002000.

Output

Print the answer for all test cases in the order they are given in the input, each in the following format.

If there is no way to build the desired road network, print "NO" (without quotes).

Otherwise in the first line print "YES" (without quotes).

In the next n1n-1 lines print the description of the road network: each line should contain two integers aa and bb (1a,bn1 \leq a, b \leq n, aba \neq b) that denote you build a road between houses of citizens aa and bb.

The roads should form a connected tree, and each community should form a connected subtree.

Samples

Sample Input 1

2
4 3
0011
1110
0111
3 3
011
101
110

Sample Output 1

YES
1 3
2 3
3 4
NO

Note

In the first example you can build the following network:

It is easy to see that for each community all the houses of its members form a connected subtree. For example, the 22-nd community unites the citizens 11, 22, 33. They form a connected subtree, because if we delete everything except the houses 11, 22, 33 and the roads between them, two roads will remain: between 11 and 33 and between 22 and 33, forming a connected graph.

There is no network in the second example suitable for the king.